السبت، 17 ديسمبر 2011
أجزاء الكمبيوتر
إذا كنت تستخدم كمبيوتر سطح المكتب، فيبدو أنك تعرف بالفعل أنه لا يوجد أي جزء فردي يسمى "الكمبيوتر." فالكمبيوتر عبارة عن نظام مكون من عدة أجزاء تعمل سويًا. الأجزاء الفعلية، التي يمكنك مشاهدتها ولمسها، تسمي ككل الأجهزة. (تشير البرامج, على الجانب الآخر إلى التعليمات، أو البرامج، التي تخبر الأجهزة بالمهام التي تقوم بإجرائها.)
يبين الشكل التوضيحي التالي أكثر الأجهزة شيوعًا في نظام كمبيوتر سطح المكتب. قد يبدو النظام مختلفًا قليلاً، ولكن من المحتمل أن يحتوي على غالبية هذه الأجزاء. يحتوي الكمبيوتر المحمول على أجزاء متشابهة، ولكنه يضمها في حزمة مفردة بحجم دفتر الملاحظات.
وحدة النظام
تعد وحدة النظام هي أساس نظام الكمبيوتر. وعادةً ما تكون عبارة عن صندوق مستطيل الشكل موضوع على المكتب أو تحته. يوجد داخل هذا الصندوق عدة مكونات إلكترونية تتولى معالجة المعلومات. وتعد أهم هذه المكونات هي وحدة المعالجة المركزية (CPU), أو المعالج, الذي يعد بمثابة "العقل" للكمبيوتر. من بين المكونات الأخرى نجد ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي (RAM)، التي تقوم بعملية التخزين المؤقت للمعلومات التي تستخدمها CPU أثناء تشغيل الكمبيوتر. ويتم مسح المعلومات المخزنة في الذاكرة RAM عند إيقاف تشغيل الكمبيوتر.
ويتصل كل جزء آخر من أجزاء الكمبيوتر تقريبًا بوحدة النظام باستخدام الكبلات. يتم توصيل الكبلات في منافذ محددة (فتحات), توجد عادةً في الجزء الخلفي من وحدة النظام. وتُسمى الأجهزة التي لا تعد جزءًا من وحدة النظام بـ بالجهاز الطرفي أو الجهاز أحيانًا.
التخزين
يحتوي الكمبيوتر على واحد أو أكثر من محركات الأقراص—وهى عبارة عن أجهزة تقوم بتخزين المعلومات على قرص معدني أو بلاستيكي. يحفظ القرص المعلومات، حتى أثناء إيقاف تشغيل الكمبيوتر.
محرك الأقراص الثابتة
يقوم محرك الأقراص الثابتة بتخزين المعلومات على قرص ثابت, وهو عبارة عن مسطح صلب أو مكدس من المسطحات ذات سطح مغناطيسي. ونظرًا لأن الأقراص الثابتة يمكنها حفظ مقادير كبيرة من المعلومات، فإن هذه الأقراص تعمل كوسائل تخزين أساسية للكمبيوتر، وتقوم بحفظ كافة البرامج والملفات تقريبًا. يوجد موقع محرك الأقراص الثابتة عادًة داخل وحدة النظام.
الجمعة، 16 ديسمبر 2011
Summarize the Introduction to Instructional Technology
First of thing, definition of instructional Technology. It is a systematic way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching.
Then my teacher discusses the main concepts that shaped the field of IT. The main concept of it:
1- Audiovisual Devices
2- Systems Approach
3- Individualized Instruction
Audiovisual device means any piece of equipment that is used to engage the senses of sight and hearing.
System approach is an attempt to put together all the system's elements to achieve purposes.
Instruction of student based on his or her unique learning style.
الاثنين، 12 ديسمبر 2011
الأحد، 11 ديسمبر 2011
الاثنين، 5 ديسمبر 2011
My comment in Instructional Aids lecture
Hello..
This lecture is useful for me .
It will help me when i choice the aids to my lecture in the future
comment about Design a multimedia Instructional Software Lecture
This lecture is very important for us because i get good and new information for me . this lesson will help me in the future to give my students an effective and interest lecture. Thank you dr.Fawzy
How to Format a Hard Drive in Windows XP
First Step:
As stated, you’ll need a windows XP disc. To format a drive and install Windows XP, no matter what form your Windows XP is, it must be a physical and genuine Windows XP bootable disc. If you downloaded it from the internet which is probably a disc image (.iso or whatever image format), you’ll have to burn the image to a CD. The key is that you’ll need to boot the CD without booting your hard disk.
As stated, you’ll need a windows XP disc. To format a drive and install Windows XP, no matter what form your Windows XP is, it must be a physical and genuine Windows XP bootable disc. If you downloaded it from the internet which is probably a disc image (.iso or whatever image format), you’ll have to burn the image to a CD. The key is that you’ll need to boot the CD without booting your hard disk.
Second Step:
Not to mention much about how clean your disk will be after formatting, you should know that everything will be gone after formatting your hard disk. So, we encourage you to do a complete backup for your computer. Copy important documents, photos, videos or whatever files you want to keep. You can save them into your thumb drive, external hard drive or whatever storage hardware that allows you to store your files temporary.
Not to mention much about how clean your disk will be after formatting, you should know that everything will be gone after formatting your hard disk. So, we encourage you to do a complete backup for your computer. Copy important documents, photos, videos or whatever files you want to keep. You can save them into your thumb drive, external hard drive or whatever storage hardware that allows you to store your files temporary.
3rd Step:
When you have done all appropriate backup and have your Windows XP bootable disc prepared, you are ready to do this. Now, put the Windows XP disc into your CD-ROM drive, and restart your computer. In this step, you’re going to set your motherboard to boot your CD first instead of your hard disk. To do this, go into the BIOS settings, by pressing delete, f1, f12 or whatever button that the screen shows you at startup, usually with the words “To enter setup press …”. You have to press it quickly, or you can just spam the button immediate after your computer starts. Different BIOS might have different settings and menus. Try to navigate all the menus in the BIOS settings and seek for the phrases boot order, first boot device, second boot device or any phrase that indicates boot sequence or order. When you see it, set CD-ROM drive as your first boot device. Save the settings and restart your computer. When it says press any key to boot from cd, hit enter and it will then boot your CD.
When you have done all appropriate backup and have your Windows XP bootable disc prepared, you are ready to do this. Now, put the Windows XP disc into your CD-ROM drive, and restart your computer. In this step, you’re going to set your motherboard to boot your CD first instead of your hard disk. To do this, go into the BIOS settings, by pressing delete, f1, f12 or whatever button that the screen shows you at startup, usually with the words “To enter setup press …”. You have to press it quickly, or you can just spam the button immediate after your computer starts. Different BIOS might have different settings and menus. Try to navigate all the menus in the BIOS settings and seek for the phrases boot order, first boot device, second boot device or any phrase that indicates boot sequence or order. When you see it, set CD-ROM drive as your first boot device. Save the settings and restart your computer. When it says press any key to boot from cd, hit enter and it will then boot your CD.
4th Step:
A blue screen will appear and you will have 3 options:
A blue screen will appear and you will have 3 options:
- To set up Windows XP now, press ENTER. – We’ll pick this in this case.
- To repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console, press R. – This is only for people who crash their computers until a stage where the windows cannot even be loaded. This option can help them to recover their computer to an earlier restore point.
- To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3. – If you change your mind, this option is for you.
Second Step:
Not to mention much about how clean your disk will be after formatting, you should know that everything will be gone after formatting your hard disk. So, we encourage you to do a complete backup for your computer. Copy important documents, photos, videos or whatever files you want to keep. You can save them into your thumb drive, external hard drive or whatever storage hardware that allows you to store your files temporary.
Not to mention much about how clean your disk will be after formatting, you should know that everything will be gone after formatting your hard disk. So, we encourage you to do a complete backup for your computer. Copy important documents, photos, videos or whatever files you want to keep. You can save them into your thumb drive, external hard drive or whatever storage hardware that allows you to store your files temporary.
3rd Step:
When you have done all appropriate backup and have your Windows XP bootable disc prepared, you are ready to do this. Now, put the Windows XP disc into your CD-ROM drive, and restart your computer. In this step, you’re going to set your motherboard to boot your CD first instead of your hard disk. To do this, go into the BIOS settings, by pressing delete, f1, f12 or whatever button that the screen shows you at startup, usually with the words “To enter setup press …”. You have to press it quickly, or you can just spam the button immediate after your computer starts. Different BIOS might have different settings and menus. Try to navigate all the menus in the BIOS settings and seek for the phrases boot order, first boot device, second boot device or any phrase that indicates boot sequence or order. When you see it, set CD-ROM drive as your first boot device. Save the settings and restart your computer. When it says press any key to boot from cd, hit enter and it will then boot your CD.
When you have done all appropriate backup and have your Windows XP bootable disc prepared, you are ready to do this. Now, put the Windows XP disc into your CD-ROM drive, and restart your computer. In this step, you’re going to set your motherboard to boot your CD first instead of your hard disk. To do this, go into the BIOS settings, by pressing delete, f1, f12 or whatever button that the screen shows you at startup, usually with the words “To enter setup press …”. You have to press it quickly, or you can just spam the button immediate after your computer starts. Different BIOS might have different settings and menus. Try to navigate all the menus in the BIOS settings and seek for the phrases boot order, first boot device, second boot device or any phrase that indicates boot sequence or order. When you see it, set CD-ROM drive as your first boot device. Save the settings and restart your computer. When it says press any key to boot from cd, hit enter and it will then boot your CD.
4th Step:
A blue screen will appear and you will have 3 options:
A blue screen will appear and you will have 3 options:
- To set up Windows XP now, press ENTER. – We’ll pick this in this case.
- To repair a Windows XP installation using Recovery Console, press R. – This is only for people who crash their computers until a stage where the windows cannot even be loaded. This option can help them to recover their computer to an earlier restore point.
- To quit Setup without installing Windows XP, press F3. – If you change your mind, this option is for you
- .
5th Step
On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, press F8 to agree the license and go to the next step
6th Step:
Obviously, if you want to format your hard disk and install a fresh copy of Windows XP, press ESC
Obviously, if you want to format your hard disk and install a fresh copy of Windows XP, press ESC
7th Step:
Please take note that this is a very important step. Please read carefully. In this screen, it will show you all the existing partitions you have in your hard disks. You will usually see a few partitioned spaces that you’ve been using previously. Deleting a partition means to completely wipe out everything in the partition. If you’ve decided to completely wipe out everything, you can just delete all the partition by pressing D and then L. As for some power users, they will format only one partition which is usually the partition where its previous system is located. That way the data on the other partition will be safe. After you’ve done deleting all the partitions, you should now see an unpartitioned space. You can create as many partition as you want in the unpartitioned space. To do so, press C, input the size you want for the new partition, and hit enter to confirm. Select the partition where you prefer to install Windows Xp and press Enter. If there is no partition created, it will create one that uses the maximum size of the unpartioned space for you when you hit ENTER directly while selecting the unpartitioned space
Please take note that this is a very important step. Please read carefully. In this screen, it will show you all the existing partitions you have in your hard disks. You will usually see a few partitioned spaces that you’ve been using previously. Deleting a partition means to completely wipe out everything in the partition. If you’ve decided to completely wipe out everything, you can just delete all the partition by pressing D and then L. As for some power users, they will format only one partition which is usually the partition where its previous system is located. That way the data on the other partition will be safe. After you’ve done deleting all the partitions, you should now see an unpartitioned space. You can create as many partition as you want in the unpartitioned space. To do so, press C, input the size you want for the new partition, and hit enter to confirm. Select the partition where you prefer to install Windows Xp and press Enter. If there is no partition created, it will create one that uses the maximum size of the unpartioned space for you when you hit ENTER directly while selecting the unpartitioned space
8th Step:
This page allows you to select a file system for the new partition to be formatted. The best file system is the NTFS file system. We’ll usually pick that
This page allows you to select a file system for the new partition to be formatted. The best file system is the NTFS file system. We’ll usually pick that
9th Step:Get yourself a cup of coffee and wait for the formatting process to be completed. Windows XP is now erasing your hard disk drive using a process called formatting and will start the installation upon completion of the formatting. You can leave your computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes. The computer will restart several times and will boot from cd again. Do not press anything on the keyboard and just let it go through all the stages of setup until it prompts you something that requires your decision. From now on you just have to follow the prompts, pressing all the “Next” and let the setup goes on. Make sure you have your Windows XP serial number ready when the setup ask for it. This can be found usually from the back cover of your Windows XP CD case or your COA certificate which is a sticker sticked behind on your laptop. Do not remove the Windows XP CD until the computer has done all the installation and started up with a new desktop and some new icons
10th Step:
Share this tutorial with your friends! They might need this and happy to know this. You can share this article easily by clicking any of the sharing methods of your choice from the cute floating box on your left. Thank you for reading
Share this tutorial with your friends! They might need this and happy to know this. You can share this article easily by clicking any of the sharing methods of your choice from the cute floating box on your left. Thank you for reading
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I hope you are interest with this subject !.
Resource: http://www.ehow.com/how_6026_format-hard-drive.htmlالثلاثاء، 18 أكتوبر 2011
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